A RAW FILE is a record of the data captured by the sensor. While there are many different ways of encoding this raw sensor data into a raw image file, in each case the file records the unprocessed sensor data. The sensors simply count photons—they produce a charge that’s directly propor¬tional to the amount of light that strikes them.
Color filter array cameras use a two-dimensional area array to collect the photons that are recorded in the image. The array is made up of rows and columns of photosensitive detectors—typically using either CCD (charge-coupled device) or CMOS (complemen¬tary metal oxide semiconductor) technology—to form the image.
RAW vs. JPEG
When you shoot JPEG, a raw converter built into the camera does automatic processing of the raw image (in camera) and then compresses it using JPEG compression.
Taking a raw image is like taking a picture shooting with negative film. There are so many options because you can always make a better print using the original negative. Taking a JPG is like scanning a print. You can only do so much to improve the image. You’d have many more options if you had access to the original negative.
You are able to draw on all the original information captured by the sensor if you shoot RAW, but not if you shoot jpg or tiff.
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